Physics Calculators
Free, instant physics calculators covering classical mechanics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and waves. Solve for projectile motion, energy, forces, Ohm's law, pendulum periods, wave speed, ideal gas behavior, and gravitational potential energy — all with full unit conversion support.
Whether you are a student working through homework, a teacher preparing examples, or an engineer needing a quick sanity check, these physics calculators give you instant, accurate answers. Every tool supports multiple unit systems, shows the formula used, and explains the working step by step — so you understand the result, not just the number. Use the search box to jump directly to any calculator.
Calculate range, max height, time of flight, and trajectory of a projectile from initial velocity and launch angle.
Solve V = IR for voltage, current, resistance, and power. Includes mV/kV/mA/kΩ unit support.
Calculate kinetic energy KE = ½mv² or solve for mass or velocity. Includes relativistic mode.
Solve F = ma for force, mass, or acceleration. Full unit conversion (N, kN, lbf, kg, g-units).
Find fall distance, time, or final velocity. Optional air-resistance mode with terminal velocity calculation.
Calculate Ep = mgh near surface or U = −GMm/r for two-body systems. Includes escape velocity.
Solve T = 2π√(L/g) for period, length, frequency, or gravity. Large-amplitude correction included.
Solve v = f × λ for speed, frequency, or wavelength of any wave. Sound, light, and EM wave presets.
Solve PV = nRT for P, V, n, or T. Includes Combined Gas Law, Boyle's, Charles's, Gay-Lussac's tabs.
Calculate linear momentum p = mv, impulse, and elastic/inelastic collision outcomes with conservation of momentum.
Solve for centripetal acceleration, centripetal force, velocity, radius, angular velocity, period, or frequency.
Enter any 3 of 5 SUVAT variables (s, u, v, a, t) and instantly solve for the remaining two with step-by-step working.
Calculate spring force F = kx, elastic potential energy ½kx², and equivalent spring constant for series/parallel combinations.
Calculate observed frequency due to relative motion of source and observer. Includes relativistic Doppler for light.
Find refraction angles and critical angle for total internal reflection using Snell's law n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂.
Calculate torque τ = rF sinθ, moment of inertia for various shapes, and angular acceleration using Newton's rotational law.
Calculate buoyant force F = ρVg and determine if an object floats or sinks using Archimedes' principle.
Solve W = Fd cosθ, P = W/t, and the work-energy theorem ΔKE = W_net with full unit conversion.
Calculate escape velocity v = √(2GM/r) for any planet or custom body. Includes orbital velocity and all 3 cosmic velocities.
Calculate linear, area, and volumetric thermal expansion for 23 materials including steel, aluminum, glass, and liquids.
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Why Use Physics Calculators?
Physics connects every natural phenomenon — from the arc of a thrown ball to the orbit of a satellite, from the flicker of a circuit to the resonance of a tuning fork. The equations that describe these phenomena are elegant but can be tedious to evaluate by hand, especially when you need to convert between unit systems or rearrange formulas to solve for different unknowns.
For students, these calculators serve as instant homework helpers and exam-prep tools. You can verify your worked solutions, explore how changing one variable (say, doubling the launch angle) affects the result, and build intuition for physical relationships through experimentation.
For engineers and scientists, quick online calculators eliminate transcription errors, handle unit conversions automatically, and let you focus on the design decision — not the arithmetic. Whether you are estimating the energy stored in a lifted component, checking an electrical circuit's power dissipation, or calculating the period of a sensor pendulum, these tools provide accurate answers in seconds.
For educators, the calculators support classroom demonstrations and help students learn by doing. The step-by-step formula breakdowns reinforce the underlying physics rather than treating the calculator as a black box. All calculators are free, require no registration, and work on any device.